Logo 21 Oct 2025

GDP growth slows, but still on track to hit annual target

China’s economy is slowing.

Per data released by the stats bureau (NBS) on Monday, real GDP grew by 4.8% y/y in Q3 – down from 5.2% growth the previous quarter, and the slowest growth rate in a year.

This data point is particularly grim: On a nominal basis – which incorporates price effects – GDP only grew 3.7% y/y.

  • This is the tenth consecutive quarter nominal growth has lagged real growth – reflecting deeply embedded deflationary pressures.

Why it matters: Nominal growth better reflects how businesses and households experience economic conditions.

  • Profits, wages, and government tax revenue are strongly correlated with nominal growth.

Despite the gloomy print, there are a couple of positives.

First, quarter-on-quarter growth momentum picked up.

  • On a seasonally adjusted quarter-on-quarter basis, GDP grew by 1.1% q/q, up from 1.0% in Q2.
  • That said, Q2’s q/q growth rate was actually revised down this month from a previous estimate of 1.1%.

Second, year-to-date GDP is now up 5.2% y/y.

  • Even if the Q3 slowdown continues in the coming months, we are confident the economy can hit its annual GDP growth target of 5%.

Get smart: Beijing may be able to claim victory on its 5% goal, but the persistent nominal slowdown means the economy desperately needs more demand-side support to lift prices and profits.

What we’re watching: Will policymakers finally lean more on consumption and income support in the coming months?

sources

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China’s economy is slowing.
Per data released by the stats bureau (NBS) on Monday, real GDP grew by 4.8% y/y in Q3 – down from 5.2% growth the previous quarter, and the slowest growth rate in a year.
This data point is particularly grim: On a nominal basis – which incorporates price effects – GDP on...